Physics (SL/HL)

Investigate the fundamental laws of nature, from the smallest particles to the largest galaxies, while developing strong analytical, mathematical, and experimental skills. The syllabus covers core topics such as mechanics, thermal physics, waves, electricity and magnetism, circular motion and gravitation, atomic and nuclear physics, and energy production. Students also explore the nature of science, learning how theoretical models and experimental evidence work together to advance understanding.

Both Standard Level (SL) and Higher Level (HL) students study the same core concepts, but HL requires additional topics such as quantum and nuclear physics, higher-level mechanics, electromagnetic induction, and more advanced data analysis. HL students also engage in deeper mathematical treatment of concepts, extended problem-solving, and complex evaluation tasks, preparing them for university-level science and engineering programs.

Common challenges include mastering the mathematical problem-solving required for physics, visualizing abstract concepts like wave–particle duality or field theory, and linking theory to real-world applications. Many students also struggle with designing and interpreting experiments for the Internal Assessment and with tackling multi-step, calculation-heavy exam questions under time pressure.